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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 461-465, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440326

ABSTRACT

Comparar la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas y el tamaño de los senos maxilares en relación con la clase esqueletal. se midieron 90 radiografías lateral de cráneo, divididas en 3 grupos, comparando las 3 clases esqueletales, las cuales se determinaron con la medida ANB de Steiner, y estas a su vez en dos subgrupos que fueron hombres y mujeres, en las cuales se utilizó el análisis de McNamara para el análisis de vías aéreas y para el área del seno maxilar se tomaron dos medidas una antero-posterior y cefálica-caudal. Al comparar los hombres con las mujeres se identificó significancia estadística en vía área superior de clase II (p=≤0.017), vía aérea inferior de clase III (p=≤0.006). Al comparar las clases esqueletales en hombres se identificó diferencias en la vía aérea superior en las clases I vs III (p=≤0.05), inferior en la clase I vs III (p=≤0,001) y II vs III (p=≤0.044). Con respecto a mujeres se identificó significancia en la vía aérea superior al comparar la clase I vs II (p=≤0,043), vía aérea inferior en la clase II vs III (p=≤0.05), longitud del seno maxilar al comparar clase I vs II (p=≤0.017). Entre la clase I esqueletal y la clase II, el tamaño de los senos maxilares resulto menor en longitud en las mujeres de clase II esqueletal. Entre la clase I y clase III esqueletal en hombres, se encontró una longitud menor en la vía aérea superior e inferior en la clase I. Las vías aéreas resultaron en menor tamaño en sujetos de clase II.


SUMMARY: To compare the airway permeability and the size of the maxillary sinuses in relation to the skeletal class. 90 lateral skull radiographs were divided into 3 groups, comparing the 3 skeletal classes, which were determined with Steiner's ANB measurement, and these were once in two subgroups that were men and women, in any McNamara analysis was used for the analysis of airways and for the maxillary sinus area measurements were made an antero-posterior and cephalic-caudal. When comparing males with females, statistical significance was identified in the upper class II route (p=≤0,017), lower class III airway (p=≤0.006). At least skeletal classes in men, differences were identified in the upper airway in classes I vs III (p=≤0.05), lower in class I vs III (p=≤0.001) and II vs III (p=≤0.044). With respect to women, significance was identified in the upper airway when comparing class I vs II (p=≤0.043), lower airway in class II vs. III (p=≤0.05), maxillary sinus length to class I vs II (p=≤0.017). Between skeletal class I and class II, maxillary sinus size was shorter in length in skeletal class II women. Between class I and skeletal class III in men, a lower length was found in the upper and lower airways in class I. The airways were found to be smaller in class II subjects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Permeability , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Malocclusion, Angle Class I , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Malocclusion, Angle Class III , Maxillary Sinus/anatomy & histology , Mexico
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(4): 956-959, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385455

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Studies related to the upper respiratory pathway asymmetries are still scarce in the veterinary literature. We present here a study of choanae asymmetries of a pure horses belonging to "Cavall Pirinenc Català" (Pyrenean Horse Breed). For this goal, the palates of 23 dry skulls with no apparent pathologies were photographed and evaluated using geometric morphometrics. On each photo, we identified and digitized a total of 26 points (subset of 2 mid-sagittal, 4 paired landmarks (discrete homologous points) and 10 semilandmarks (points on an outline determined by extrinsic criteria) per side on the choana. Both fluctuating and directional asymmetries appeared statistically significant, the latter accounting more than half of the total variation. The lateral bend observed in horse choanae may be due to the asymmetrically positioned nasal passages. So detected equine choana asymmetry must rather be considered functional, with no clinical implication and presents an important consideration when equine choanae shape.


RESUMEN: Los estudios relacionados con las asimetrías de las vías respiratorias superiores aún son escasos en la literatura veterinaria. Presentamos un estudio de coanas asimetrías de un caballo puro perteneciente al "Cavall Pirinenc Català" (Raza del Caballo de los Pirineos). Para ello, se fotografiaron y evaluaron los paladares de 23 cráneos secos sin patologías aparentes mediante morfometría geométrica. En cada foto, identificamos y digitalizamos un total de 26 puntos (subconjunto de 2 puntos medio sagitales, 4 puntos de referencia emparejados (puntos homólogos discretos) y 10 puntos semillanos (puntos en un contorno determinado por criterios extrínsecos) por lado de la coana. Ambos fluctúan Las asimetrías direccionales aparecieron estadísticamente significativas, representando estas últimas más de la mitad de la variación total. La curvatura lateral observada en las coanas de caballo puede deberse a los conductos nasales asimétricamente posicionados. Por lo tanto, la asimetría de coanas equinas detectada debería considerarse funcional, sin implicación clínica y presenta una importante consideración cuando se forman coanas equinas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Horses/anatomy & histology , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(2): 724-729, June 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002284

ABSTRACT

La influencia de la función respiratoria en el desarrollo de estructuras orofaciales y postura craneocervical ha sido ampliamente discutida. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar valores cefalométricos de la región craneocervical e hioidea en sujetos con respiración nasal y oral. Se incluyeron sujetos de entre 18 y 27 años, de ambos sexos, donde 20 presentaban diagnóstico de respiración oral y 20 no presentaban esta alteración; mediante telerradiografía lateral de cabeza y cuello se realizó análisis cefalométrico craneocervical de Rocabado y aplicación de la técnica de Penning, obteniendo medidas craneocervicales e hioideas, dimensión anterior nasofaríngea y curvatura cervical. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba T para muestras independientes, considerando un valor de p <0,05 para obtener diferencias significativas; en aquellos parámetros en donde no se presentó distribución normal se aplicó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de estudio y los valores cefalométricos analizados, a excepción de la distancia entre la base del hueso occipital y el arco posterior del atlas (p=0,03). Existen limitadas diferencias cefalométricas entre sujetos con respiración oral y respiración nasal, no asociándose el espacio aéreo nasofaríngeo con las modalidades de respiración estudiadas. Deben ser consideradas condiciones de morfología facial o mandibular, para determinar más adecuadamente la influencia de los parámetros cefalométricos en el diagnóstico del modo respiratorio en estudios futuros.


The influence of respiratory function on the development of orofacial structures and craniocervical posture has been widely discussed. The objective of the study was to compare cephalometric values of the craniocervical and hyoid region in subjects with nasal and oral respiration. Subjects between 18 and 27 years of age, of both sexes, were included, where 20 presented oral breathing diagnosis and 20 did not present this alteration; using lateral telerradiography of the head and neck, craniocervical cephalometric analysis was performed of Rocabado and Penning technique was applied, obtaining craniocervical and hyoid measurements, anterior nasopharyngeal dimension and cervical curvature. For the statistical analysis we used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the T test for independent samples, considering a value of p <0.05 to obtain significant differences; in those parameters where no normal distribution was presented, the MannWhitney U test was applied. No significant differences were found between the study groups and the cephalometric values ??analyzed, except for the distance between the base of the occipital bone and the posterior arch of the atlas (p=0.03). There are limited cephalometric differences between subjects with oral breathing and nasal breathing, with no association of the nasopharyngeal air space with the breathing modalities studied. Conditions of facial or mandibular morphology should be considered in order to determine more adequately the influence of cephalometric parameters in the diagnosis of the respiratory mode in future studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Skull/anatomy & histology , Cervical Vertebrae/anatomy & histology , Hyoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Mouth Breathing , Posture , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Case-Control Studies , Nasal Obstruction , Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry , Teleradiology , Observational Study , Hyoid Bone/diagnostic imaging
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(2): 213-221, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001558

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children. Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5-9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography. Tomographic volumetric measurements and dichotomic otorhinolaryngological diagnosis (obstructed vs. non-obstructed) in three anatomical regions (the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx) were compared and correlated. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the association between the 3D measurements of the upper airways and the otorhinolaryngological diagnosis of obstruction in the three anatomical regions. Inter- and intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability of the 3D measurements. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. An association was found between turbinate hypertrophy and nasal cavity volume reduction (p < 0.05) and between adenoid hyperplasia and nasopharynx volume reduction (p < 0.001). No association was found between palatine tonsil hyperplasia and oropharynx volume reduction. Conclusions: (1) The nasal cavity volume was reduced when hypertrophic turbinates were diagnosed; (2) the nasopharynx was reduced when adenoid hyperplasia was diagnosed; and (3) the oropharynx volume of mouth-breathing children with tonsil hyperplasia was similar to that of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children. The adoption of the actual anatomy of the various compartments of the upper airway is an improvement to the evaluation method.


Resumo Introdução: O exame clínico otorrinolaringológico da via aérea superior tem sido historicamente feito com a ajuda de imagens radiográficas para diagnosticar causas obstrutivas da respiração bucal. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as medidas volumétricas em 3D da cavidade nasal, nasofaringe e orofaringe entre crianças com respiração bucal e obstrução respiratória e crianças respiradoras bucais sem obstrução respiratória. Método: Estudo retrospectivo que inclui 25 crianças respiradoras bucais de 5 a 9 anos. As crianças foram avaliadas por exame clínico otorrinolaringológico, nasofibroscopia flexível e tomografia computadorizada multi-slice. Medidas volumétricas obtidas tomograficamente de três regiões anatômicas (cavidade nasal, nasofaringe e orofaringe) foram correlacionadas e comparadas com diagnóstico dicotômico otorrinolaringológico (obstruído vs. não obstruído). Um teste t de amostra independente foi usado para avaliar a associação entre as medidas em 3D das vias aéreas superiores e o diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de obstrução nas três regiões anatômicas. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse inter e intraobservador foram usados para avaliar a confiabilidade das medidas em 3D. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variou de 0,97 a 0,99. Uma associação foi encontrada entre a hipertrofia de conchas e a redução do volume da cavidade nasal (p < 0,05) e entre a hiperplasia de tonsila faríngea e a redução do volume da nasofaringe (p < 0,001). Não foi encontrada associação entre a hiperplasia da tonsila palatina e a redução do volume da orofaringe. Conclusões: 1) O volume da cavidade nasal estava reduzido nas crianças com diagnóstico de hipertrofia de conchas; 2) O volume da nasofaringe estava reduzido nas crianças com diagnóstico de hiperplasia de tonsila faríngea; e 3) O volume da orofaringe de crianças com respiração bucal e hiperplasia de tonsila palatina foi semelhante ao de crianças respiradoras bucais sem aumento da tonsila palatina. A adoção da mensuração anatômica dos vários compartimentos da via aérea superior complementa o método de avaliação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Oropharynx/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Airway Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Mouth Breathing/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Reference Values , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Anatomic Landmarks , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology
5.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 22(6): 35-42, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-891105

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare upper airway widths among skeletal Class I malocclusion subjects with different vertical facial patterns. Methods: The sample included a total of 99 lateral cephalograms of post pubertal individuals (18.19 ± 1.76 years old). The vertical facial pattern was determined by the Vert index. The McNamara method was used to quantify upper airway widths. ANOVA test and Student's t test for independent groups were used, when normal distribution was not supported Kruskal-Wallis test and U-Mann-Whitney test were used. A multiple linear regression analysis was also performed. Results: Statistically significant differences in several nasopharyngeal widths were found among the distinct vertical facial patterns. Subjects with brachyfacial pattern presented larger nasopharyngeal widths than subjects with mesofacial (p= 0.030) or dolichofacial (p= 0.034) patterns. The larger the Vert value, the larger the nasopharyngeal widths (R2= 26.2%, p< 0.001). At the level of oropharynx no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: It was concluded that nasopharyngeal linear anteroposterior widths in Class I malocclusion brachyfacial are larger than in mesofacial and dolichofacial individuals. The Vert index only explained 25% of the total variability. No correlation was found for the oropharyngeal widths.


RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi comparar as dimensões das vias aéreas superiores em indivíduos portadores de má oclusão de Classe I esquelética com diferentes padrões faciais verticais. Métodos: a amostra consistiu de 99 cefalogramas laterais de indivíduos na pós-puberdade (18,19 ± 1,76 anos). O padrão facial vertical foi determinado por meio do índice VERT. O método de McNamara foi utilizado para quantificar as dimensões das vias aéreas superiores. O teste ANOVA e o teste t de Student para grupos independentes foram utilizados e, quando a distribuição normal não era possível, o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste U de Mann-Whitney foram aplicados. Foi também realizada uma análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas dimensões da nasofaringe foram encontradas entre os diferentes padrões faciais verticais. Os indivíduos com padrão braquifacial apresentaram dimensões nasofaríngeas maiores do que os indivíduos com padrão mesofacial (p= 0,030) ou dolicofacial (p= 0,034). Quanto maior o valor do VERT, maior a dimensão nasofaríngea (R2 = 26,2%, p< 0,001). Não foram encontradas, entretanto, diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível da orofaringe. Conclusão: pode-se concluir que as dimensões anteroposteriores lineares da nasofaringe nos indivíduos braquifaciais com má oclusão de Classe I são maiores do que nos indivíduos mesofaciais e dolicofaciais. O índice VERT foi capaz de explicar apenas 25% da variabilidade total. Não foi encontrada correlação para as dimensões da orofaringe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Face/anatomy & histology , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/complications , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Pharynx/anatomy & histology , Pilot Projects , Cephalometry , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Airway Obstruction , Anatomic Landmarks , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/diagnostic imaging , Mandible/anatomy & histology
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(1): 357-362, Mar. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840978

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to validate and correlate the two-dimensional (2D) with the three-dimensional (3D) measures of the upper airway assessment. Lateral cephalograms and cone beam CT of 100 adult subjects were used to perform a 2D and 3D assessment of the upper airway. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine whether there was correlation between variables. Additionally, specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value was calculated for the 2D assessment of the upper airway. Correlation between all two and three dimensional variables was found. In the nasopharynx and oropharynx, a weak correlation (r <0.51) was found; in the oropharynx a moderate one (0.50

El objetivo de este estudio fue validar y correlacionar las medidas bidimensionales (2D) con las medidas tridimensionales (3D) de la evaluación de las vías aéreas superiores. Se realizaron cefalogramas laterales y cone beam CT en 100 sujetos adultos para realizar una evaluación 2D y 3D de la vía aérea superior. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para determinar si había correlación entre las variables. Además, para la evaluación 2D de la vía aérea superior, se calculó la especificidad, sensibilidad, valor predictivo negativo y valor predictivo positivo. Se encontró correlación en todas las variables entre dos y tres dimensiones. En la nasofaringe y la orofaringe, se encontró una correlación débil (r <0,51) mientras que en la orofaringe moderada (0,50

Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cephalometry/methods , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Oropharynx/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypopharynx/anatomy & histology , Hypopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
7.
CoDAS ; 28(4): 403-408, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-795252

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar os valores controles da área de secção transversa mínima nasofaríngea de indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais e em diferentes faixas etárias. Material e Método Participaram do estudo 96 indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais, de ambos os sexos, com índice de massa corpórea e circunferência cervical normais, subdivididos em 4 grupos etários: crianças com idade entre 6 e 10 anos (G1), adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos (G2), adultos jovens entre 18 e 39 anos (G3) e adultos de meia-idade entre 40 e 59 anos (G4). A área seccional transversa mínima nasofaríngea (área nasofaríngea – ANF) foi determinada por meio de rinomanometria anterior modificada (técnica fluxo-pressão), utilizando o sistema PERCI-SARS (versão 3.50 – Microtronics Corp.). Resultados Os valores médios±DP da ANF foram de 1,025±0,054cm2, 1,055±0,081cm2, 1,050±0,083cm2 e 1,054±0,081cm2, respectivamente, para G1, G2, G3 e G4, não havendo diferença entre as 4 faixas etárias. Conclusão Os valores controles da ANF foram determinados para indivíduos sem anomalias craniofaciais de diferentes faixas etárias e servirão de referência na rotina clínica e em estudos envolvendo diagnóstico de obstrução nasofaríngea, principalmente na presença de anomalias craniofaciais.


ABSTRACT Objective To establish normative values of minimum cross-sectional nasopharyngeal area in individuals without craniofacial anomalies at different age ranges. Material and Method Ninety-six individuals of both genders, without craniofacial anomalies, and with normal body mass index and neck circumference were evaluated. Participants were divided into 4 age groups: children, aged 6 to 10 years (G1); adolescents, aged 11 to 17 years (G2); young adults, 18 to 39 years (G3), and middle-aged adults, 40 to 59 years (G4). Minimum cross-sectional nasopharyngeal area (nasopharyngeal area – NPA) was assessed by means of modified anterior rhinomanometry (pressure-flow technique) using a PERCI-SARS system (version 3.50 – Microtronics Corp.). Results Mean±SD values of NPA were 1.025±0.054cm2, 1.055±0.081cm2, 1.050±0.083cm2, and 1.054±0.081cm2, respectively for groups G1, G2, G3, and G4, showing that there were no differences between the four age groups. Conclusion Normative data of NPA were established for individuals without craniofacial anomalies from different age ranges, and they may be used as reference values in the clinical routine and for future studies regarding nasopharyngeal obstruction diagnosis, particularly in cases of craniofacial anomalies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/physiology , Reference Values , Age Distribution , Rhinomanometry , Airway Obstruction , Airway Management , Middle Aged
8.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 20(5): 86-93, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764545

ABSTRACT

Objective: Mandibular Class II malocclusions seem to interfere in upper airways measurements. The aim of this study was to assess the upper airways measurements of patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion in order to investigate the association between these measurements and the position and length of the mandible as well as mandibular growth trend, comparing the Class II group with a Class I one.Methods:A total of 80 lateral cephalograms from 80 individuals aged between 10 and 17 years old were assessed. Forty radiographs of Class I malocclusion individuals were matched by age with forty radiographs of individuals with mandibular Class II malocclusion. McNamara Jr., Ricketts, Downs and Jarabak's measurements were used for cephalometric evaluation. Data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis by means of SPSS 20.0 statistical package. Student's t-test, Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient were used. A 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level were adopted to interpret the results.Results:There were differences between groups. Oropharynx and nasopharynx sizes as well as mandibular position and length were found to be reduced in Class II individuals. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the size of the oropharynx and Xi-Pm, Co-Gn and SNB measurements. In addition, the size of the nasopharynx was found to be correlated with Xi-Pm, Co-Gn, facial depth, SNB, facial axis and FMA.Conclusion: Individuals with mandibular Class II malocclusion were shown to have upper airways measurements diminished. There was a correlation between mandibular length and position and the size of oropharynx and nasopharynx.


Introdução: as más oclusões de Classe II mandibulares parecem interferir nas dimensões das vias aéreas superiores. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as vias aéreas superiores de pacientes com Classe II esquelética, verificando a associação entre essas dimensões e a posição mandibular, o comprimento mandibular e a tendência de crescimento, comparando-os com um grupo pareado de pacientes com Classe I.Métodos: foram avaliadas 80 telerradiografias de perfil de 80 pacientes com 10 a 17 anos de idade, sendo 40 com má oclusão de Classe I e 40 com Classe II mandibular, pareados por idade. Para a avaliação cefalométrica, foram utilizadas medidas de McNamara Jr, Ricketts, Downs e Jarabak. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, por meio dosoftware SPSS 20.0, utilizando-se os testest de Student, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Para interpretação dos resultados, adotou-se um intervalo de confiança de 95% e nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: houve diferença entre os grupos, e as medidas da orofaringe e nasofaringe foram menores no grupo de Classe II, assim como as medidas de comprimento e posição mandibular. Houve correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa entre a orofaringe e as medidas Xi-Pm, Co-Gn e SNB; já a nasofaringe apresentou correlação com as medidas Xi-Pm, Co-Gn, profundidade facial, SNB, eixo facial e FMA.Conclusão: indivíduos portadores de Classe II mandibular apresentaram as medidas das vias aéreas superiores diminuídas. Observou-se uma correlação entre o comprimento mandibular e a posição mandibular e as dimensões da orofaringe e da nasofaringe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/complications , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/complications , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/growth & development , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Oropharynx/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Dental/methods , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Cephalometry/methods , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/diagnostic imaging , Mandible/diagnostic imaging
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(4): 1271-1276, Dec. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-734670

ABSTRACT

Facial deformities are related to morphological differences and the mandible position shows differences in maxillomandible relation. The aim of this research was to compare the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in subjects with class II and class III facial deformities We included 28 adult subjects with skeletal characteristics associated to class II or class III according to the SNA angle and dental overjet; subjects with facial asymmetry and other facial deformities and subjects with facial trauma or facial surgery history were excluded. Cone beam computed tomography was realized (CBCT) to asses the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, as well as the distance measured between the mandible genial spine and hyoid bone; data analysis were realized by descriptive analysis and statistical analysis using t test with 0.05 to show statistical differences. Class II subjects presented minor values in all of the measurements; in the oropharynx and the hypopharynx we observed the most important differences, with nasopharynx showing statistically significant differences (p<0.05). In conclusion class II subjects presented a minor pharyngeal airway space and it is suggested that this information should be used in the diagnosis process and prior to surgical treatment.


Las deformidades faciales son asociadas a diferencias en la posición mandibular evidenciando diferencias en la relación maxilomandibular. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el espacio aéreo faríngeo en sujetos con deformidad facial clase II y clase III. Se incluyeron 28 sujetos con características esqueletales asociadas a clase II o clase III seguidos de la evaluación del angulo SNA y el resalte dentario; se excluyeron los sujetos con asimetría facial y otras deformidades faciales y sujetos con historia de trauma facial o historia de cirugía facial; se realizó la tomografía computadorizada cone beam para evaluar el área de nasofaringe, orofaringe, hipofaringe y la distancia entre la espina geni mandibular y el hueso hioides; los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva y la prueba t usando un valor de 0,05 para establecer significancia estadística. Se observó que los sujetos de clase II presentaron valores menores a los sujetos clase III en todas las mediciones realizadas; en el área de orofaringe e hipofaringe se observaron las diferencias mas importantes, estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05). Se puede concluir que los sujetos con deformidad facial clase II presentan un espacio de vía aérea faríngea más estrecho y se sugiere que este temática sea resuelta en la etapa de diagnóstico previo a la selección de tratamientos quirúrgicos o no quirúrgicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Pharynx/anatomy & histology , Pharynx/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Malocclusion, Angle Class III , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Oropharynx/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Hypopharynx/anatomy & histology , Hypopharynx/diagnostic imaging
10.
Rev. Asoc. Argent. Ortop. Funcional Maxilares ; 40(1): 33-38, 2014. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-733704

ABSTRACT

Es por todos conocido que la respiración bucal juega un papel de suma importancia en la aparición de las disgnacias en edades tempranas. Con el objetivo de determinar qué tratamiento resulta más adecuado en relación a un enfoque etiopatogénico y comparar los resultados obtenidos, se realizó el siguiente trabajo. La muestra estuvo formada por 36 pacientes disgnácicos, entre 4 y 14 años, divididos en tres grupos. Grupo A: sin tratamiento (grupo control), formado por 15 pacientes (41,66 por ciento); grupo B: tratado con ortopedia funcional, formado por 14 pacientes (38,88 por ciento); grupo C: tratado con ortodoncia, formado por 7 pacientes (19,44 por ciento). Todos ellos fueron elegidos al azar. Se midió la luz de la vía aérea superior, sobre calcos de tele-Rx de cabeza de perfil, tomadas con un intervalo no menor a 10 meses, en la ciudad de La Plata, capital de la prov. de Buenos Aires, y en la ciudad de Neuquén, capital de la prov. de Neuquén, República Argentina, en un universo constituido por 2500 pacientes. Para realizar las mediciones, se utilizaron cinco parámetros del cefalograma faríngeo, observándose que en el grupo A hubo una disminución promedio de -0,49mm. Si consideramos la evolución de este grupo control como referencia, podemos decir que hubo aumento de la luz faríngea en todos los pacientes tratados: en el grupo B de un 100 por ciento (1.49mm) y en el grupo C de 75 por ciento (0.99mm). Como conclusión evidente, los pacientes tratados con ortopedia funcional fueron los que alcanzaron mayor aumento de la luz de la vía aérea superior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Child , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Argentina , Cephalometry/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Orthodontics, Preventive , Mouth Breathing/prevention & control , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Adenoids/anatomy & histology
11.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 23(2): 90-92, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-618756

ABSTRACT

Los quistes óseos aneurismáticos del área de cabeza y cuello representan menos del 5% de todos los tumores óseos. Son lesiones benignas, que comúnmente afectan las metáfisis de los huesos largos y las vértebras como en el caso que se describe a continuación, simulando una lesión de la rinofaringe. Se describe su manejo y tratamiento.


The aneurismal of bone cyst of the head and neck localization, represent less than the 5% of the all bone tumors. They are benign lesions, and commonly affecting the metaphysis of the long bones and vertebrae, like in the case we described below, it simulating the rhino pharynx lesion. We describe the management and treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/injuries , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/pathology , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/radiotherapy , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Eosinophilic Granuloma/diagnosis
12.
Journal of Veterinary Research. 2011; 66 (4): 309-312
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-117495

ABSTRACT

Although donkeys play an important role as pack and draught animals, there is sparse information available on the histological and anatomical data for their respiratory tract. This study examined the larynxes of 4 healthy donkeys to provide data using histological techniques and anatomical dissection. The histological specimens were taken after fixation in 10% formalin and tissue passages were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and then studied under a light microscope. The laryngeal muscles and mucosa, for anatomically studying the saccules, were dissected and photographed. Compared with the horse, the donkey epiglottis is relatively shorter and more sharply pointed. Ashallow, thumb shaped depression on the rostral of each vocal fold corresponds in position to the laryngeal ventricle in the horse. In the donkey, large paired laryngeal saccules, interposed between the thyroarytenoideus M. and the thyroid cartilage, open into the laryngeal cavity through a small circular orifice. There is a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lined saccule. Sero-Mucus secreting glands, subepithelial lympho-venous plexuses and lymph follicles were present in its orifice wall. Furthermore, the large thyroarytenoideus M. is subdivided into ventricular and vocal parts, which are thought to control the expression of secretion from the laryngeal saccule. It seems that unusual characteristics of vocalization in the donkey may be related to the shape and orientation of these larynx resonance chambers. Further investigations are needed to clarify this point


Subject(s)
Animals , Equidae , Saccule and Utricle , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Histological Techniques
13.
Arq. int. otorrinolaringol. (Impr.) ; 12(3): 442-449, jul.-set. 2008. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-522868

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O angiofibroma nasofaríngeo juvenil (ANJ) é um tumor fibrovascular raro de etiologia desconhecida, com poucos estudos que analisam sua patogênese. Objetivo: Revisar a patogênese do ANJ, com ênfase nos aspectos genéticos e moleculares. Método: Foram revisados todos os artigos pertinentes indexados no PUBMED e LILACS e capítulos de livros de referência publicados entre 1959 e 2007. Resultados: A seletividade do ANJ em relação ao sexo pode ser explicada por acúmulos intranucleares do receptor androgênico e de beta-catenina, um coativador que aumenta a sensibilidade do tumor a andrógenos. As alterações genéticas observadas no ANJ acometem mais freqüentemente cromossomos sexuais. Inúmeros fatores de crescimento parecem estar implicados na patogênese do tumor. O fator II de crescimento símile a insulina é altamente expresso, enquanto que o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular e o fator beta transformador do crescimento são liberados por células estromais e podem influenciar o crescimento e a vascularização do ANJ. Conclusão: Apesar da escassez de dados sobre a etiologia e patogênese do ANJ, fatores genéticos e moleculares parecem colaborar para o entendimento de muitas características morfológicas e clínicas da doença. O conhecimento sobre estes fatores específicos pode contribuir futuramente para o estabelecimento de potenciais alvos terapêuticos.


Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare fibrovascular tumor of unknown etiology, with few studies analyzing its pathogenesis. Objective: Reviewing JNA's pathogenesis, emphasizing genetic and molecular aspects. Method: All the relevant articles indexed in PUBMED and LILACS, besides reference book chapters, published between 1959 and 2007 were reviewed. Results: The sex selectivity seen in JNA may be explained by intranuclear accumulation of androgen receptor and beta-catenin, a co-activator which increases the tumor sensitivity to androgynous. The genetic alterations seen in JNA are most frequently located in sexual chromosomes. A number of growth factors seem to be related to the tumor pathogenesis. The insulin-like growth factor II is highly expressed while the vascular endothelial growth factor and the transforming growth factor beta are released by stromal cells and may influence the JNA's growth and vascularization. Conclusion: In spite of the scarce data describing the JNA etiology and pathogenesis, genetic and molecular factors seem to collaborate to the understanding of the disease's many clinical and morphological features. Knowledge regarding these specific issues could contribute for the establishment of potential therapeutic targets in the future.


Subject(s)
Angiofibroma/genetics , Molecular Biology , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology
14.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 73(1): 32-39, jan.-fev. 2007. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-449703

ABSTRACT

A rinometria acústica permite aferir a geometria nasal de forma objetiva e não-invasiva. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve por finalidade determinar os volumes de segmentos específicos da cavidade nasal, incluindo a nasofaringe, de adultos sadios por rinometria acústica. Forma de Estudo: Clínico prospectivo. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODO: Foram analisados 30 voluntários sem evidências de obstrução nasal com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, sendo 14 homens e 16 mulheres. Os volumes foram medidos nos segmentos correspondentes à região da válvula nasal (V1), cornetos (V2) e nasofaringe (V3), antes e após a aplicação tópica de vasoconstritor nasal. RESULTADOS: Os volumes médios aferidos em 60 cavidades, antes da vasoconstrição nasal foram os seguintes: 1,81±0,35cm³ (V1), 4,02±1,41cm³ (V2) e 17,52±4,44cm3 (V3) no grupo masculino, e, 1,58±0,25cm³ (V1), 3,94±1,03cm³ (V2) e 17,80±2,73cm³ (V3) no grupo feminino. As diferenças entre os sexos foram significantes apenas para V1 (p<0,05). Após a vasoconstrição nasal, os volumes de todos os segmentos analisados foram significantemente maiores (p<0,05), sendo as diferenças entre os sexos significantes para V1 e V2. CONCLUSÃO: Os volumes dos três segmentos da cavidade nasal determinados em adultos sem evidências de obstrução nasal podem ser utilizados como valores de referência para outros estudos.


Acoustic rhinometry allows an objective and non-invasive assessment of nasal geometry. AIM: The present study aimed at determining the volumes of specific segments of the nasal cavity in healthy adults including the nasopharynx, using acoustic rhinometry. Study design: A clinical prospective analysis. CASES AND METHOD: Thirty volunteers with no evidence of nasal obstruction, aged 18 to 30 years (14 males and 16 females) were analyzed. Volumes were measured at the nasal valve region (V1), the turbinates (V2), and the nasopharynx (V3), before and after application of a topical nasal vasoconstrictor. RESULTS: The mean volumes measured in 60 cavities before nasal decongestion, were: 1.81±0.35cm³ (V1), 4.02±1.41cm³ (V2), and 17.52±4.44cm³ (V3) for males, and 1.58±0.25cm³ (V1), 3.94±1.03cm³ (V2), and 17.80±2.73cm³ (V3) for females. Gender differences were only significant in V1 (p<0.05). After nasal decongestion, the volumes of all the analyzed segments were significantly larger (p<0.05), and the gender differences were significant for V1 and V2. CONCLUSION: Volumes of the three segments in adults with no evidence of nasal obstruction may be used as reference values for other studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Nasal Decongestants/pharmacology , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Rhinometry, Acoustic , Nasal Cavity/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Sex Factors
15.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 506-511, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-203913

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the airway dynamics of the upper airway as depicted on cine MRI in children with tracheotomy tubes during two states of airflow through the upper airway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sagittal fast gradient echo cine MR images of the supra-glottic airway were obtained with a 1.5T MRI scanner on seven children with tracheotomy tubes. Two sets of images were obtained with either the tubes capped or uncapped. The findings of the cine MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Volume segmentation of the cine images to compare the airway volume change over time (mean volume, standard deviation, normalized range, and coefficient of variance) was performed for the capped and uncapped tubes in both the nasopharynx and hypopharynx (Signed Rank Test). RESULTS: Graphical representation of the airway volume over time demonstrates a qualitative increased fluctuation in patients with the tracheotomy tube capped as compared to uncapped in both the nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal regions of interest. In the nasopharynx, the mean airway volume (capped 2.72 mL, uncapped 2.09 mL, p = 0.0313), the airway volume standard deviation (capped 0.42 mL, uncapped 0.20 mL, p = 0.0156), and the airway volume range (capped 2.10 mL, uncapped 1.09 mL, p = 0.0156) were significantly larger in the capped group of patients. In the hypopharynx, the airway volume standard deviation (capped 1.54 mL, uncapped 0.67 mL, p = 0.0156), and the airway volume range (capped 6.44 mL, uncapped 2.93 mL, p = 0.0156) were significantly larger in the capped tubes. The coefficient of variance (capped 0.37, uncapped 0.26, p = 0.0469) and the normalized range (capped 1.52, uncapped 1.09, p = 0.0313) were significantly larger in the capped tubes. CONCLUSION: There is a statistically significant change in airway dynamics in children with tracheotomy tubes when breathing via the airway as compared to breathing via the tracheotomy tube.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Hypopharynx/anatomy & histology , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine/methods , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Tracheostomy/instrumentation , Work of Breathing/physiology
16.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol ; 6(2): 39-51, dic. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439398

ABSTRACT

El tejido adenoideo aparece como parte del anillo linfático de Waldeyer durante los primeros años de vida. Alcanza su máximo volumen a los 6 años de edad, comienza a desaparecer entre los 8 a 10 años de edad, reduciéndose a una pequeña cavidad faríngea en adultos. En presencia de adenoides hipertróficos, pueden existir alteraciones respiratorias y de crecimientos general en el niño. Para determinar patrones de involución adenoidea, fueron medidas áreas de tejido adenoideo y nasofaríngeas, usando telerradiografías de perfil, según el método de Handelman y Osborne. La edad ósea fue obtenida a través del análisis de madurez ósea de Bjõrk y Helm en radiografías de mano, comparadas con el atlas de madurez ósea de Canals. Se seleccionó una muestra de 5 grupos, cada una con 20 individuos entre 10 y 14 años de edad. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante regresión lineal y validados con análisis de varianza.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Adenoids/anatomy & histology , Adenoids/growth & development , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/growth & development , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Adenoids , Cephalometry , Hyperplasia , Linear Models , Hand , Nasopharynx , Sex Factors , Teleradiology
17.
Radiol. bras ; 37(6): 445-448, nov.-dez. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-393295

ABSTRACT

A radiografia da nasofaringe (ou radiografia do cavum) ainda é o exame por imagem mais usado para a avaliação do tamanho da adenóide. Dada a variedade e a complexidade dos métodos de mensuração preconizados, muitos radiologistas preferem a avaliação subjetiva, que pode ser imprecisa e não-acurada. Esta revisão enumera e descreve os diversos métodos de mensuração radiográfica da adenóide propostos na literatura, considerando praticidade, acurácia e precisão, com o objetivo de indicar os mais adequados para a prática cotidiana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx , Adenoids/anatomy & histology , Adenoids , Nasal Obstruction
18.
Rev. Soc. Odontol. La Plata ; 14(27): 23-30, abr. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288826

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este artículo es poner en consideración el uso del Cefalograma Faríngeo como una herramienta útil para poder cuantificar los espacioes y las estructuras del rino-oro-faring, antes, durante y después del tratamiento ortopédico-fonoaudiológico. Para este fin se describe el Cefalograma Faríngeo, los puntos y ángulos a utilizar y su interpretación sobre dos interesantes casos clínicos con características diferentes en cuanto a la Disgnasia que presentan y en cuanto a sus características funcionales. El primer caso es presentado para mostrar el Cefalograma Faríngeo como un elemento importante a la hora de elaborar un diagnóstico etiopatogénico. El segundo caso es presentado con el mismo objetivo que el anterior, pero además para observar el después, es decir, cuánto se modificaron esas estructuras y espacios del rino-oro-faring luego del tratamiento ortopédico-fonoaudiológico, observando la coherencia de estos resultados a través de la observación clínica y de la Cefalometría de Schwartz


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Cephalometry , Pharynx , Mouth Breathing/diagnosis , Mouth Breathing/etiology , Adenoids/anatomy & histology , Hyoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Hypertrophy/diagnosis , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology
19.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 39(3): 36-52, sept.-dic. 2000. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288803

ABSTRACT

Continuando con la cadena kinésica de Talmant con aportes independientes, entre ellos de varios autores y nacionalidades, realizados antes y después de su concepción original, los autores los interrelacionamos y sumamos los propios a ella un 8vo. eslabón, -sobre la clasificación de las papadas- que finaliza esta serie de publicaciones. Consideramos que aún podremos ampliarla si nuestras actuales investigaciones confirman mediante pruebas clínicas la influencia en el síndrome sobre la posición ortostática y la orientación individual de los laberintos del oído interno (sic).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Chin/anatomy & histology , Airway Obstruction/therapy , Mouth Breathing/therapy , Classification/methods , Skull/anatomy & histology , Ear, Inner/anatomy & histology , Hyoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Neck Muscles/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Neck/anatomy & histology , Radiography, Dental, Digital/methods , Radiography, Panoramic , Terminology , Cervical Vertebrae/anatomy & histology
20.
Ortodoncia ; 63(126): 37-44, jul.-dic. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-264503

ABSTRACT

Luego de realizado el presente trabajo de investigación, se pudo determinar la importancia que tiene en el diagnóstico ortodóncico la evaluación de la ventilación de las vías aéreas superiores. El trabajo consistió en el análisis cefalométrico de las medidas transversales y anteroposteriores del maxilar superior, en un grupo de pacientes, 40 en total. Se pudo establecer la relación directa que tiene el desarrollo del maxilar superior con la respiración


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Malocclusion/etiology , Airway Obstruction/diagnosis , Mouth Breathing/diagnosis , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Adenoids/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry , Facies , Malocclusion/prevention & control , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Orthodontics, Corrective
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